PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.
